7>e SERVICE W 
its INSIGNIA 



BAILEY, BANKS dc BIDDLE COMPANY 
** 

PHILADELPHIA 



THE SERVICE AND 
ITS INSIGNIA 



BAILEY, BANKS &^ MIDDLE COMPANY 
PHILADELPHIA 



With the entrance of the United States 
in the Great World War, the organizations 
and the insignia of our Military forces have 
become a subject of increasing interest. 

Civilians generally are unfamiliar with the 
various device used to designate the depart- 
ments and rank of officers. 

As an aid to those wishing to be able 
to distinguish at first sight the branch of 
the service or the rank of an officer, this 
brochure has been issued by the Bailey, 
Banks SC Biddle Company. 



OCT 24 191/ 






ARRANGED AND PRINTED BY THE 

DEPARTMENT OF STATIONERY 

BAILEY, BANKS & BIDDLE COMPANY 

COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY THE 
BAILEY, BANKS & BIDDLE COMPANY 



BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY 



PHILADELPHIA 



THE GENERAL STAFF 

THE Act of Congress, approved February 14, 1903, establishing 
the General Staff Corps and creating a Chief of Staff, termi- 
nated the office of Commanding General of the Army. The 
Chief of Staff is detailed by the President from the officers of the 
Ai'my at large not below the grade of 
Brigadier General, and under the direc- 
tion of the President, or of the Secretary 
of War under direction of the President, 
has supervision of all troops of the Line 
and of the Adjutant General's, Inspec- 
tor General's, Judge Advocate General's, 
Quartermaster's, Medical, and Ordnance 
Departments, the Corps of Engineers, 
and Signal Corps, and perform such other 
military duties not otherwise assigned by law, as may be assigned 
to him by the President. The Chief of Staff may or may not be 
the senior officer of the Army. The Insignia is the Coat of Arms 
of the United States, three-quarters of an inch high, superimposed 
on a five-pointed star, star to be an inch and a quarter in diameter. 
The Military forces of the United States will be composed of 
The Regular Army, The National Guard and The National Army. 




THE REGULAR ARMY 

The Regular Army consists of the General Officers, the General 
Staff Corps, the Bureaus or Departments enumerated above, the 
U. S. Military Academy, the Chaplains, 
the Post Non-commissioned Staff, the 
Coast Artillery Corps, the Field Artillery, 
the Battalions of Engineers, the Regiments 
of Cavalry and of Infantry, the Indian 
Scouts, the Retired Officers, the Retired Enlisted Men, and the 
Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry. 

The Insignia on collar of coat for all officers of the Regular Army 
to be the letters U. S., in Gothic design, five-eighths of an inch in 
heigh th, each letter to be followed by a period. 



US 



BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 






The insignia of the Arms of the service and the several depart- 
ments as well as buttons are made of dull finish bronze when worn 
in the service uniform (olive Drab or Khaki). When worn with 
Dress uniform, they are manufactured of gold or gilt metal except- 
ing the Corps of Engineer wear collar devices made of silver. 

THE OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS 

For the purpose of securing a reserve of officers available for 
service as temporary officers in the Regular Army, the President 
has been authorized by act 
of Congress to appoint and 
commission officers in the 
various sections of the Offi- 
cers' Reserve Corps in all 
grades up to and including that of Major, such citizens as, upon 
examination shall be physically, mentally and morally quaUfied to 
hold such positions. 

The insignia for collar of coat is formed of bronze letters U. S. R. 
in Gothic design, five-eighths of an inch in heighth. 

THE NATIONAL GUARD 

The United States National Guard compris9s the organized and 
uniformed militia of the various States, Territories and District 
of Columbia. 

The insignia on collar of coat for all 
officers of National Guard will be the 
letters U. S., of Gothic design, superim- 
posed with letters N. G. 

THE NATIONAL ARMY 

The United States National Army will comprise the men who 
have been called to the colors through the operation of the law 
generally known as the selective draft. 

The insignia for collar of coat for 
all officers of the National Army will 
be the letters U. S., of Gothic design, 
superimposed with initials N. A. 

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BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY 



PHILADELPHIA 




THE ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT 

The Adjutant General's Department is the bureau of orders, 
correspondence, and records of the Army. All orders and instruc- 
tions emanating from the President of the United States, the 
Secretary of War, the Chief of Staff, or any offi- 
cer with a command equal to or greater than 
a brigade, are communicated to troops and in- 
dividuals in the military service through this 
department. 

The office of The Adjutant General of the 
Army is the repository for the records of the 
War Department relating to the history of 
every officer and soldier in the Ai-my (regular and volunteer), and 
to the movements and operations of troops, the records of all 
appointments, promotions, resignations, deaths, and other casual- 
ties. The preparation and distribution of commissions, etc., pertain 
to this office, which also has charge of the recruiting of the Army 
and of the records of the volunteer armies and of the pension and 
other business of the War Department connected therewith. 

The insignia of the Adjutant General's Department is a shield 
of bronze metal one inch in heighth and three-quarters of an inch 
in width. 

THE INSPECTOR GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT 

The Inspector General's Department exercises, by inspections, 
general observation over all matters pertaining to the efficiency of 
the Army, the condition and 
state of supplies of all kinds, 
of arms and equipments, of the 
expenditure of public property 
and moneys, and the condition 
of accounts of all disbursing 
officers, of the conduct, disci- 
pline, and efficiency of officers 
and troops. The insignia of this 
department is a sword and fasces crossed and wreathed in bronze 

5 





BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

metal and the inscription "Droit et Avant" in relief letters in upper 
part of wreath. The device to be one inch in heighth. 

THE JUDGE ADVOCATE'S DEPARTMENT 

The Judge Advocate General's Department is the bureau of 
military justice. The head of the Department is known as the 

Judge Advocate General, and is the 
custodian of the records of all gen- 
eral court-martial, courts of inquiry, 
and military commissions. 

The insignia of this department 
is a sword and pen crossed and 
wreathed in bronze metal, one inch 
in heighth. 

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT 

The Quartermaster's Department is charged with the duty of 
providing the Ai'my with transportation, animals, forage, fuel, 
clothing, camp and garrison equipage, barracks, store-houses, and 
other buildings. This Department furnishes all the supplies needed 
in the Army, except ordnance stores, medical 
supplies, and signal and engineer supplies. 
It attends to all matters connected with 
military operations which are not expressly 
assigned to some other bureau of the War 
Department. 

The Subsistence and Pay Departments 
have been consolidated with the Quarter- 
master's Department. The duty of the former was to supply the 
army with the means of subsistence, and the latter had charge of 
the supply and distribution of and accounting for funds for pay- 
ment of the army. 

The insignia of the Quartermaster's Corps is a sword and key 
crossed on a wheel surmounted by a spread eagle in bronze metal. 
The device to be one inch in heighth. 

6 




BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 




THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 

The Medical Department is charged with the supervision of the 
sanitary condition of the Army, the care of 
the sick and wounded, the physical examina- 
tion of officers and enlisted men, the man- 
agement and control of military hospitals, 
etc. It is the most independent of all the 
staff departments, planning its own hospitals, 
transporting its own sick and wounded in the 
field and supplying its own medicines, litters, 
blankets, instrimients, etc. 

The device is a Caduceus of bronze metal, one inch in heighth. 

The same insignia is used by the Dental Corps with the addition 
of the letters D. C. superimposed upon the center in monogram 
form. 

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 

The Ordnance Department is charged with supplying the Army, 
by purchase or manufacture, with arms, equipments, ammunition 

tand everything else pertaining to the fighting material. 
It also establishes and maintains arsenals and dej^ots 
for the manufacture, repairing and safe-keeping of ord- 
nance stores, and provides horse equipments and field 
outfits for soldiers, such as haversacks, canteens, tin 
cups, meat ration cans, knives, forks, and spoons. 
The insignia of the Ordnance Department is a shell 
and flame of bronze metal, one inch in heighth. 

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS 

The duties of The Engineer Depart- 
ment or Corps of Engineers comprise 
reconnoitering, surveying and map- 
making for military purposes, includ- 
ing the construction and repair of 
fortifications, the planning and super- 
intendence of defensive or offensive 
works in the field, and the construction 




BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE CO MPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

of military roads and bridges. Many officers of the Corps are 
detailed to take charge of river and harbor improvements, construct- 
ing breakwaters, opening channels for the navigation of rivers, 
superintending the erection of important public buildings, etc. 

Vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant are filled from the 
graduates of West Point standing highest in their classes. 

The device of the Corps of Engineers is a turreted castle made 
of bronze, one inch in heighth. Made in silver when not worn on 
Service uniform, 

THE SIGNAL CORPS 
The Signal Corps is charged with the construction, repair and 
operation of military telegraph and telephone lines and cables, field 
telegraph trains, balloon trains, aeroplanes, etc. The Chief Signal 
Officer has supervision of the instruction 
in military signaling and telegraphy pre- 
scribed by the War Department, and he is 
also charged with the procurement, pre- 
servation and distribution of tha necessary 
supplies for the Signal Corps and for the 
lake and sea coast defense. The insignia 
of the Signal Corps is two crossed signal 
flags with a torch in the center of bronze metal, one inch in heighth. 

THE U. S. MILITARY ACADEMY 

The United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, 
constitutes an independent command. The body of students at the 
Academy is known as the United States Corps 
of Cadets. The Cadets constitute a part of the 
Army, but are not officers; they rank next below 
veterinarian, taking precedence over all non- 
commissioned officers of the Army. Graduates 
are commissioned as second lieutenants. 

There are two general classes of men in the 
Army, viz: Commissioned officers and Enlisted 
men. The EnUsted men constitute the Rank and File as that term 
is now generally understood. 





BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 



The commissioned officers exercise a certain authority over 
others, by virtue of a commission issued to them by the President of 
the United States. The enhsted men are divided into two general 
classes Privates and Non-Commissioned officers. 

Privates exercise no authority except as may be given them 
temporarily by an immediate superior. Non-Commission Officers 
are given warrents, by virtue of which they exercise a limited 
authority; they are called Sergeants and Corporals. 

The officers and enlisted men of the Army are divided into two 
grand divisions, viz: The Staff and the Line. 

The Staff consists of the General Staff Corps and the depart- 
ments as previously described. 

The Line does the active work such as marching, fighting, cam- 
paigning, etc.. and consists of the Cavalry, the Field Artillery, the 
Coast Artillery, the Infantry. These are called the arms of the 
Service. 

Act of Congress approved March 2, 1899 provides that the 
Battalion of Engineers and the officers serving therewith shall 
constitute a part of the line of the Army. 

The primary duties of the Battalions of Engineers, however, are 
to construct saps, mines, pontoons, military bridges, etc., and to 
superintend working parties on military roads and fortifications, etc. 

The Line also furnishes garrisons for fortified and unfortified 
posts and in time of peace is occupied with drills, studies, and other 
matters which tend to the conservation of the organization, instruc- 
tion and discipline of the various arms. 

THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

The United States Naval Academy was 
founded in 1845 by the Hon. George Bancroft, 
Secretary of the Navy, and the course of in- 
struction is for four years. By Act of Congress 
approved 1902, the title "Naval Cadet" was 
changed to "Midshipman," and the class gradu- 
ating from the Naval Academy June, 1912, was 
the first class to be graduated as Ensigns. 




BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 



By an act of Congress July 9, 1913, it was provided — 
"That after June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and thirteen, and 
until June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, there shall be 
allowed at the Naval Academy two midshipmen for each Senator, 
Representative, and Delegate in Congress, one for Porto Rico, two 
for the District of Columbia, and ten appointed each year at large. 

THE COAST ARTILLERY 

The Coast Artillery Corjis is charged with the care and use of 
the fixed and movable elements of land and coast fortifications, 

including submarine mine de- 
fenses. The insignia of the 
Coast Artillery is two crossed 
cannons of metal with an oval- 
shaped raised center, with pro- 
jectile, point up, of same metal, 
the device to be one inch in 
heighth. 

THE FIELD ARTILLERY 

The Field Artillery is the artillery which accompanies an army 
in the field and includes light artillery, horse artillery, siege artillery, 
and mountain artillery. 

The minimum strength of 
a regiment of Field Artillery 
of three-inch field guns is 
forty-one Commissioned Offi- 
cers and eight hundred and 
fifty-six enlisted men. The 
maximum strength is forty- 
one Commissioned Officers 
and twelve hundred and sixty-seven enlisted men. The insignia 
of the Field Artillery is two crossed field guns in metal, one inch 
in heighth. The number of the regiment three-eighths of an inch 
high in the upper angle. 





BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 




INFANTRY 

The Mobile Army consists of the Infantry, Cavalry, Field 
Artillery and such troops as may be assigned to complete prescribed 

tactical organizations of these 
three arms. 

Infantry are the foot soldiers 
equipped with small arms. 

By reason of the nature of 
the fighting in trenches, the In- 
fantry has been greatly aug- 
mented by all the nations at 
war. 
Minimum strength of a regiment of Infantry is fifty-six Com- 
missioned Officers and thirteen hundred and sixty-one enlisted 
men. Maximum strength is fifty-six Commissioned Officers and 
two thousand and two enlisted men. 

The insignia consists of two crossed rifles one inch in heighth, 
with the number of the regiment, three-eighths of an inch high, in 
the upper angle. 



CAVALRY 

The arm of the military service consisting of mounted troops. 
Minimum strength of a regiment of Cavalry is fifty-nine Commis- 
sioned Officers and ten 
hundred and twenty-eight 
enlisted men. Maximum 
strength is fifty-nine Com- 
missioned Officers and fif- 
teen hundred and twenty 
enlisted men. 

The insignia consists 
of two crossed sabres, one inch in heighth, with the number of the 
regiment three-eighths of an inch high in upper angle. 




BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY 



PHILADELPHIA 



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O " OOUGLAS .' ~ - 



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Camp Greene, Charlotte, N. C. 
Camp Wadsworth, Calvert, S.,C. 
Camp Hancock, Wheless, Ga. 
Camp McClellan, Anniston, Ala. 
Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C. 
Camp Wheeler, Macon, Ga. 
Camp McArthur, Waco, Texas 
Camp Logan, Houston, Texas 
Camp Cody, Deming, N. M. 
Camp Doniphan, Ft. Sill, Okla. 
Camp Bowie, Ft. Worth, Texas 
Camp Sheridan, Montgomery, Ala. 
Camp Shelby, Hattiesbnrg, Miss. 
Camp Beauregard, Alexandria, La. 
Camp Kearney, San Diego, Cal. 
Camp Fremont, Palo Alta, Cal. 



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Camp Devens, Ayer, M.-\ss. 
Camp Upton, Long Island, N. V. 
Camp Dix, Wrightstown, N. J. 
Camp Meade, Admiral, Md. 
Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va. 
Camp Jackson. Columbia, S. C. 
Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga. 
Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio 
Camp Tavlor, Louisville, Ky. 
Camp Custer, Battle Creek, Mich. 
Camp Grant, Rockford, 111 
Camp Pike, Little Rock, Ark. 
Camp Dodge, Des Moines, Iowa 
Camp Funston, Fort Riley, Kan. 
Camp Travis, San Antonio, Texas 
Camp Lewis, Tacoma, Wash. 



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BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 




POCK FOR';! 

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T National Army 

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STATES ARMY TRAINING CAMPS 



[^AILIiY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY 



PHILADELPHIA 



ORDER OF RANK 

The order of rank and the relation to each other of the Com- 
missioned hne Officers of the Army and Navy is as follows: 



ARMY 

General 

Lieutenant General 

Major General 

Brigadier General 

Colonel 

Lieutenant Colonel 

Major 

Captain 

First Lieutenant 

Second Lieutenant 



NAVY 
Admiral 
Vice Admiral 
Rear Admiral 
Commodore 
Captain 
Commander 
Lieutenant Commander 
Lieutenant 

Lieutenant (Junior Grade) 
Ensign 



INSIGNIA OF RANK-ARMY 



LIEUTENANT GENERAL— 
One large silver star, an inch and 
a quarter in diameter. Two small 
silver stars, fifteen-sixteenths of 
an inch in diameter. 

MAJOR GENERAL— Two silver 
stars, fifteen-sixteenths of an inch 
in diameter. 

BRIGADIER GENERAL-One 
silver star, fifteen-sixteenths of an 
inch in diameter. 



(The Army has recently promoted Officers to rank of General) 





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REGULATION SIZE 



COLONEL— Silver spread eagle, three-fourths of an inch high 
and two inches between stretch of wings. 



BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 




INSIGNIA OF RANK 



LIEUTENANT COLONEL— 
A silver leaf, one inch high, one 
inch across. 

MAJOR— Gold leaf of the same 
design, size and shape as for 
Lieutenant Colonel. 



REGULATION SI 






CAPTAIN— Two silver bars, each one-quarter of an 
inch wide and one inch long. The bars are placed one- 
quarter of an inch apart. 



FIRST LIEUTENANT— 
One silver bar, one-quarter 
inch wide and one inch long. 



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Cap Device 

Commissioned Officers 

U. S. Navy 



Cap Device 

Commissioned Officers 

U. S. Army 



Cap Device 
S. Marine Corps 



All Insignia of Rank may be procured in miniature size, to 
be pinned on the collar of shirt when the blouse is not worn 



15 



BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 




Button for uniform of 

Officers U. S. Army 

Engineers 




Button for unifoitn of 

Officers U. S. Army 

except Engineers 

(Coat size) 




Button for uniform of 

Officers U. S. Army 

except Engineers 

(Vest size) 



NAVAL OFFICERS 



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COLLAR DEVICES 



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COMMANDER 
SILVER OAK LEAF' 



•UEUTENANTCOMMANDER- 
GOLD OAK LEAF 



LIEUTENANT- 



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lieutenant(junior] 




CHAPL-AIN 



BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

The Company is the smallest constant fundamental unit and is 
divided into Squads, Sections and Platoons. A Company is com- 
manded by a Captain assisted by First Lieutenants and Second 
Lieutenants. 

The term Company is used in speaking of the Infantry, Coast 
Artillery, and Engineers. In the Field Artillery this unit is called 
a Battery and in the Cavalry, a Troop. 

The Battalion (called Squadron in the Cavalry) consists of four 
companies and is the proper command for a Major. 

A Lieutenant Colonel may be appropriately assigned to the 
command of any part of a regiment larger than a battalion, or to 
the command of a battalion in the absence of its major. 

The Regiment, which is the ac'ministrative unit in the Cavalry, 
Field Artillery, Infantry, Corps of Engineers, is the proper com- 
mand for a Colonel. It usually consists of three battalions. 

The Colonel is assisted in the discharge of his duties by the 
Regimental Staff. 

A Brigade consists of two or more regiments and is the proper 
command for a Brigadier General. 

A Division consists of two or more brigades, usually including 
several arms of the service and is the proper command for a Major 
General. 

An Army Corps consists of two or more divisions organized under 
one command, and is the proper command for a Lieutenant General. 

An Army consists of two or more Army Corps and is the proper 
command for a General. 

An Army consists of headquarters, two or more infantry divisions, 
one or more cavalry brigades or a cavalry division, a field artillery 
brigade, one telegraph battalion, one field signal battalion, and 
ammunition, supply engineer, and sanitary trains. 

An infantry division is described by the recently enacted Hay 
bill, is composed of a headquarters, three infantry brigades, a 
cavalry regiment, an artillery brigade, an engineer regiment, a field- 
signal battalion, one aero squadron, and various trains. 

In the cavalry the structure is similar, a division representing, 
in addition to headquarters, three cavalry brigades, a regiment of 

17 



BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 



field artillery (horse), a battalion of mounted engineers, a mounted 
signal battalion, an aero squadron, and trains. 

ARM OF SERVICE 

Designated by hat cords: Infantry, light blue; Cavalry, yellow; 
Artillery, scarlet; Signal Corps, orange; Engineers, scarlet and 
white; Sanitary or Hospital Corps, maroon and white; Quarter- 
master Corps, buff. 

Rosettes or buttons of approved 
pattern to consist of ribbons of the 
same color of those that pertain to 
the several service medals and badges 
are authorized for optional wear with 
civilian clothing on the part of those 
persons to whom such medals and 
badges have been awarded. 

THE MEDAL OF HONOR 

The American Medal of Honor which 
is awarded by the Congress of the 
United States for valor or heroism in 
action is treasured by holders more 
than other possessions. 

By reason of its world-wide reputa- 
tion and its unexcelled facilities, the 
company was awarded the contract 
for the manufacture of the Medal of 
Honor over all competitors. 

The Government has issued a bronze 
medal to the officers and enlisted men 
serving in the various campaigns: The 
Civil War, Indian Campaign, Spanish, 
Philippine, China and Nicaraugua 
Campaigns; also Army of Cuban Paci- 
fication, Cuban Occupation, and a 
Certificate of Merit Badge. 




BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

AVIATION SECTION OF THE SIGNAL CORPS 

An Act of Congress approved on July 24th, 1917, authorizes the 
President to increase temporarily the Signal Corps of the army and 
to purchase, manufacture, maintain, repair and operate airships. 
For the purpose of carrying the act into effect a sum of $640,000,000 
was appropriated. 




Aviator's Device 

The officers detailed in or attached to the Aviation Section of the 
Signal Corps may when qualified therefor, be rated as Junior Mili- 
tary Aviators, Military Aviators, Junior Military Aeronauts and 
Military Aeronauts but no person shall be so rated until there shall 
be issued to him a certificate to the effect that he is qualified for the 
rating. 

SERVICE RIBBONS 



Philippines Congressional 




Cuban Pacification and Philippine Campaigns 

In these days when soldiers and sailors in uniform are so fre- 
quently seen on the streets a good many persons must have wondered 
what is the meaning of the narrow stripes of party-colored ribbon 
that some of the men wear on their left breast. These little stripes 
are service ribbons: to the initiated they tell in what campaigns 
the wearer has served and what medals or distinctions he has won. 



BAILEY. BANKS AND B IDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

Obviously, it would be impractical for the possessor to wear his 
medals and his badges on his service uniform, and so he wears the 
little ribbon symbol instead. 

The significance of the ribbons is as follows: 

Congressional Medal of Honor — white stars on a field of light-blue 
silk. This medal is awarded only by Congress for some particular 
deed of gallantry in action. It is the most coveted of all army 
honors. 

Certificate of Merit Badge — two red, white and blue bands sep- 
arated by a thin band of white, the blue being outermost in each 
instance. This honor is conferred by the President. 

Philippines Congressional Medal — blue band in centre flanked 
by stripes of white, red, white and blue, the blue on the outermost 
edges of the ribbon. This ribbon is worn by those men who stayed 
in the service after the conclusion of the Spanish-American War 
to put down the insurrection in the Philippines. 

Civil War — campaign ribbon of equal-sized bands of blue and 
gray. 

Indian Wars — bright red, with narrow edges of deeper red. 
Spanish Campaign — 'alternating stripes of yellow and blue. This 
is the most familiar of all campaign ribbons. 

Philippine Campaign — ^blue band in centre, flanked by narrower 
bands of red, blue edges. 

Cuban Occupation (time of Spanish War, and several years there- 
after) — ^blue in centre, flanked by narrow yellow stripes, then 
broader red stripes, and finally blue borders. 

Cuban Pacification (indicating service in Cuba during the period 
1906-1909, when the United States straightened out governmental 
affairs for the new republic) — ^broad olive-drab centre, flanked by 
three narrow stripes of red, white and blue, the red on the outer- 
most edges. 

China Campaign (indicating service in the China Relief Expe- 
dition) — broad band of yellow with narrow borders of blue. 

Ribbons for gallantry in action are worn farthest to the left, 
followed by campaign ribbons in chronological order. 

Regulations prescribe that the ribbons will be worn on the left 
breast in a horizontal line about four inches below the middle point 
of the top of the shoulder. If necessary to have more than one line 
of ribbons, the other lines wiU be placed below and parallel three- 
eighths of an inch between the lines. 



BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

The Navy Department and United States Marine Corps have 
authorized a ribbon for Nicaraugan Campaign in addition to the 
ones above described which are used in common with the Army. 
It is a broad band of red between bands of blue with a narrow stripe 
of red on either edge. 

This Company has recently been commissioned to design a 
badge and ribbon commemorating service of the officers and men 
of the United States Navy and of the United States Marine Corps 
in Haiti. 

GENERAL ORDERS NO. 48. WAR DEPARTMENT 

Washington, July 22, 1913. 

1. General Orders, No. 97, War Department, May 12th, 1909, 
as amended by Paragraph 11, General Orders, No. 220, War Depart- 
ment, November 1, 1909, and by Paragraph 11, General Orders, 
No. 39, War Department, May 27, 1913, is rescinded and the follow- 
ing substituted therefor: 

The following instructions are published relative to the wearing 
of medals and badges by officers and enlisted men of the Army to 
whom such medals or badges have been awarded. 

1. The Medal of Honor will be worn on occasions of ceremony, 
whenever the full dress uniform, the special evening dress, or the 
mess jacket is worn. With the full-dress uniform the medal will be 
worn pendent from the neck, the ribbon passing between the upper 
and lower hooks of the coat collar, so that the medal proper shall 
hang about one inch below the opening of the collar. W"ith the 
special evening dress or mess jacket the medal will be worn pendent 
from the neck, the ribbon passing around the neck under the collar, 
so that the medal proper shall hang about one inch below the tie. 

2. Other medals and badges awarded by the Government will 
be worn on the left breast of the coat in the following order of 
precedence, beginning at the right : 

(a) Certificate of Merit Badge (issued by the War Department). 

(b) Medal commemorating the Battle of Manila Bay (issued by 

Navy Department). 

(c) Medal commemorating the Naval engagements in the West 

Indies (issued by the Navy Department). 



BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

(d) Special meritorious medal for service during the War with 

Spain, other than in battle (issued by the Navy Depart- 
ment) , 

(e) Philippines Congressional medal (issued by the War De- 

partment) . 

(f) Campaign badges, in the order of the dates of the cam- 

paigns (issued by War and Navy Departments). 

(g) Gold life-saving medal (issued by the Treasury Department) . 
(h) Silver life-saving medal (issued by the Treasury Department) . 
(i) Army of Cuban Pacification badge (issued by War and 

Navy Departments). 

(j) Good conduct medal (issued by the Navy Department). 

(k) Aviator's badge (issued by the War Department). 

(1) Various distinctive marks awarded for excellence in small- 
arms practice (issued by War and Navy Departments). 

(m) Medals or badges awarded for service performed while in 
the Army, Navy or Marine Corps, or other branch of the 
Government, if not included among those specified above. 

3. Officers and enlisted men of the Army are authorized to 
wear with the uniform any medals or badges awarded to them by 
the Government during previous service in any other branch of the 
Government. 

4. On all occasions of ceremony where full-dress uniform is 
prescribed, the medals and badges named in paragraph 1 and in 
sections a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and j of paragraph 2 of this order will 
be worn, except as provided in paragraph 6. Officers, including 
majors, and enlisted men of the Philippine Scouts, will wear the 
medals and badges specified in this paragraph with the olive-drab 
cotton service uniform on occasions of ceremony. 

5. Aviators' badges, the various distinctive marks awarded 
for excellence in small-arms practice, and the medals and badges 
referred to in section n, paragraph 2, and in paragraph 3 of this 
order, may be worn on all occasions, except on active duty in the 
field in time of war, or during maneuvers. 

6. Badges of military societies may be worn on all occasions of 
ceremony in the following order from right to left, but officers and 
enlisted men on the active list of the Army will not wear these 
badges with the badges and medals named in paragraphs 1 and 2. 



BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

(a) Badges of military societies commemorative of the wars of 

the United States, including the Philippine Insurrection 
and the China Relief Expedition, in the order of the dates 
of such wars, 

(b) Badges of the Regular Army and Navy Union of the United 

States and of the Army and Navy Union of the United 
States. 

(c) Corps and division badges of the Civil War and the War 

with Spain. 

(d) Badge of the Enlisted Men's Abstinence League. 

11. A rosette will be issued by the Chief of the Quartermaster 
Corps to each person to whom a Philippines Congressional medal, 
certificate of merit badge, campaign badge, or Army of Cuban 
Pacification badge has been or may be awarded, the rosette to be 
for optional wear with civilian clothing, in lieu of the medal or 
badge to which it pertains, and to be made of ribbons of the same 
colors as those that pertain to such medal or badge, 

NEW ARMY ORGANIZATION FOR OVERSEAS SERVICE 

At maximum strength an infantry regiment will comprise 103 officers and 
3,652 men. It will be made up as follows: 

1 headquarters and headquarters company 303 

3 battalions of 4 rifle companies each 3,078 

1 supply company 140 

1 machine-gim company 178 

1 medical detachment 56 

Total, officers and men 3,755 

Each rifle company has a strength of 250 men and 6 officers. It is composed 

of a company headquarters (2 officers and 18 men) and four platoons. Each 

platoon includes: 

1 headquarters 2 

1 section bombers and rifle grenadiers 22 

2 sections riflemen, 12 each 24 

1 section auto riflemen (4 guns) 11 

Total, officers and men 59 

The machine-gun company has 6 officers and 172 men. It consists of the 
headquarters (3 officers and 21 men), 3 platoons (each with 1 officer and 46 men) 
and a train (13 men). Its armament is 12 machine guns of heavy type and 4 
spare guns. 

The transportation equipment of the regiment is; 22 combat wagons, 16 
rolling kitchens, 22 baggage and ration wagons, 16 ration carts, 15 water carts, 
3 medical carts, 24 machine-gun carts, 59 riding horses, 8 riding mules, 332 draft 
mules, 2 motorcycles with side cars, 1 motor car, 42 bicycles. 

New fighting equipment for each regiment, in addition to the usual rifles, 
bayonets, pistols, etc., includes 480 trench knives (40 to each company), 192 
automatic rifles (16 to each company), and 3 one-pounder cannon manned by the 
one-pounder cannon platoon of the regimental headquarters company. 

23 



BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA 

Each regimental headquarters company is made up of 7 officers and 294 men, 
as follows; 

One headquarters platoon (93 officers and men) including 1 staff section 
(36 officers and men), 1 orderlies section (29 men), 1 band section (28 men). 

One signal platoon (77 officers and men) including 1 telephone section (51 
men), 1 section with headquarters (10 men), 1 section with 3 battalions (16 officers 
and men) . 

One sappers' and bombers' platoon (43 officers and men) including 1 section 
sappers (9 men) for digging and special work, 1 section bombers (34 officers and 
men.) 

One pioneer platoon (55 officers and men) for engineer work. 

One 1-pounder cannon platoon (33 officers and men). 

To put into effect this new organization for overseas service considerable 
rearrangement of units formed on the old plan is, of course, necessary. As soon 
as possible a statement will be made outlining the new organization of units in 
the National Guard. 

The organization of infantry divisions, made public by the committee on 
public information on August 7, has since that date undergone important changes. 
The following summary of the organization of an infantry division completes the 
general outline of organization of the United States Army for service in Europe 
The figures are the total of officers and men for each entry. Each infantry division 
comprises: 

1 division headquarters 164 

1 machine-gun battalion of 4 companies 768 

2 infantry brigades, each composed of 2 infantry regiments and 1 

machine-gun battalion of 3 companies 16,420 

1 field artillery brigade composed of 3 field artillery regiments 

and 1 trench mortar battery 5,068 

1 field signal battalion 262 

1 regiment of engineers 1,666 

1 train headquarters and military police 337 

1 ammunition train 962 

1 supply train 472 

1 engineer train 84 

1 sanitary train composed of 4 field hospital companies and 4 

ambulance companies 949 

27,152 
The new organization increases the ratio of artillery and machine-gun 
strength to infantry. In place of the old division of three brigades with three 
infantry regiments in each are two brigades with two infantry regiments in each. 
But in the new, as in the old organization, there are three regiments of field artillery 
in each division, making the ratio of artillery to infantry regiments three to four, 
in place of three to nine. A trench mortar battery, added to the artillery brigade 
and a 1-pounder platoon, attached to each infantry regiment headquarters com- 
pany, adds to the gun strength of the division. 

A division now includes a total of 14 machine-gun companies. Each of the 
four infantry regiments has one: each of_ the two brigades has a machine-gun 
battalion of three companies: and the division has a machihe-gun battalion of four 
companies. This gives each division a mobile machine-gun strength of 10 com- 
panies, which can be used as special needs require, while each regiment still has 
its own machine-gun equipment in one of its componebt companies. And, in 
addition, there are 48 sections of auto-riflemen, each section carrying four light 
machine guns (automatic rifles), one section in each of the four platoons making 
up each rifle company. 

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